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The economy of New York City is the largest regional economy in the United States. Anchored by Wall Street, in Lower Manhattan, New York City has been characterized as the world's premier financial center,〔 〕〔 〕 with tough competition from London and is home to the New York Stock Exchange and NASDAQ, the world's largest stock exchanges by market capitalization and trading activity. In 2012, the New York City Metropolitan Statistical Area generated a gross metropolitan product (GMP) of over US$1.33 trillion, while the Combined Statistical Area produced a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion, both ranking first nationally by a wide margin and behind the GDP of only twelve nations and eleven nations, respectively. The city's economy accounts for the majority of the economic activity in the states of New York and New Jersey. New York is distinctive for its high concentrations of advanced service sector firms in fields such as law, accountancy, banking and management consultancy, and is the top global center for the advertising industry, which is metonymously referred to as "Madison Avenue"; while Silicon Alley, metonymous for New York's broad-spectrum high technology sphere, continues to expand. The financial, insurance, health care, and real estate industries form the basis of New York's economy. The city is also the most important center for mass media, journalism and publishing in the United States, and is the preeminent arts center in the country. Creative industries such as digital media, advertising, fashion, design and architecture account for a growing share of employment, with New York City possessing a strong competitive advantage in these industries. Manufacturing, although declining, remains consequential. ==Real estate and corporate location== Real estate is a significant component of the New York City economy. In 2006 the total value of New York City property was $802.4 billion The Google building, 111 Eighth Avenue is the property with the highest-listed market value in the city, at $1.8 billion in 2006.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-12-22/google-completes-deal-for-new-york-office-building-sellers-say.html )〕 The UK consulting firm Mercer, in a 2009 assessment "conducted to help governments and major companies place employees on international assignments", ranked New York City 49th worldwide in quality of living; the survey factored in political stability, personal freedom, sanitation, crime, housing, the natural environment, recreation, banking facilities, availability of consumer goods, education, and public services including transportation. Some of the most expensive office space in the United States is located in New York City. 450 Park Avenue was sold on July 2, 2007, for $510 million, about $1,589 per square foot ($17,104/m²), breaking the barely month-old record for an American office building of $1,476 per square foot ($15,887/m²) set in the June 2007 sale of 660 Madison Avenue. Manhattan had 353.7 million square feet (32,860,000 m²) of office space in 2001. Midtown Manhattan is the largest central business district in the world. New York City has long been the leading business center in the United States, but with the city's fiscal crisis in the 1970s a new trend began to develop resulting in corporate headquarters and subsidiaries gradually moving to the suburbs and other regions. In 2005 there were 602 stand-alone headquarter operations for major companies in the city. Many international corporations are headquartered in the city, including more Fortune 500 companies than any other city. It is also the home of JetBlue Airways, headquartered in the Long Island City neighborhood of Queens. Out of the 500 U.S. corporations with the largest revenues in 2010, as listed by ''Fortune'' magazine in May 2011, 45 had headquarters in New York City and another 12 elsewhere in New York state (total 57). In the 1997 ''Fortune'' 500, 46 corporations had New York City headquarters, out of 61 corporations headquartered in New York state.〔(Fortune 500 website ) and ''Fortune'', Volume 135, number 8 (April 28, 1997), pages F-1 to F-8 and F-39 to F-40 & Vol. 163, no. 7 (May 23, 2011), pages F-41 and F-45.〕 In the May 2008 ''Fortune'' 500 list, reflecting the year before the global financial crisis of 2007-2010, five of the top 25 ''Fortune'' 500 companies in New York City were classified as securities firms (reflecting the importance of Wall Street), but two years later, none were. Two of the securities firms (Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley) had converted themselves into commercial banks, while different banks had absorbed either the organization or the post-liquidation assets of the other three firms (Merrill Lynch, Bear Stearns and Lehman Brothers).〔(Fortune 500 website ) and ''Fortune'', Volume 157, number 9 (May 5, 2008), pages F-1 to F-10, F-28, F-34, and F-40 to F-41.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Economy of New York City」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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